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Galapagos Wildlife Expeditions to be Safeguarded in 2023

Scientists and park rangers participated in ten expeditions as part of Iniciativa Galapagos. This initiative was implemented by Galapagos Conservancy through its operational arm Conservando Galapagos. They worked with the Galapagos National Park Directorate. These expeditions were conducted on the islands Isabela and Espanola, with the objective of conducting giant turtle and albatross counts, releasing the tortoises back into their natural habitat and searching for critically endangered tortoise types and nesting areas.

Five expeditions in southern Isabela Island were conducted to conduct a count of eight giant tortoise population on the Sierra Negra volcano and Cerro Azuul volcano. The census aims to determine the population size and demographics of Chelonoidis viscina and Chelonoidis negra populations on Cerro Azul and Sierra Negra. Information gathered will be crucial in conserving and protecting this emblematic species.

Our Conservation Director Dr. Jorge Carrion highlighted the progress made by the tortoise population census in the first half 2023 as an important achievement. 90% of the count was completed on the two Isabela volcanoes. We only need to finish one more tortoise census on each volcano in order to achieve our goal. This landmark represents an important step towards understanding the conservation status and management measures for the archipelago’s iconic tortoises,” Carrion said.

A similar expedition took place on Espanola island in March this year. 86 juvenile tortoises belonging to the Chelonoidis Hoodensis were released. The individuals were born in captivity and reintroduced to their natural habitats to increase genetic diversity and strengthen the existing populations. The presence of giant turtles on Espanola has a crucial role in the plant community structure, as it supports species such as albatrosses which require open spaces for landing and take-off. Scientists at the Galapagos Conservancy and rangers of the GNPD closely observe these tortoises released to their natural habitat. They assess their adaptability and survival.

Unveiling the demography and size of 8 giant tortoise populations on Southern Isabela to identify threats and assess the overall conservation status of the ecosystem. ©Jorge Carrión / Galápagos Conservancy

C. hoodensis species was also reintroduced on Santa Fe Island as part of the island’s ecological restoration. Over 700 tortoises, including juveniles and subadults, were ready to fulfill their role as natural herbivores. Over 700 tortoises were reintroduced to Santa Fe Island as part of the island’s ecological restoration. These included juveniles and subadults who are ready to take on their natural role as herbivores. The island has been subjected to a number of ecological surveys. One event that will confirm that the tortoises are adapted is nesting. In order to find evidence, a short trip was undertaken covering the areas that were frequently visited by satellite-tracked turtles. Nests of these tortoises are yet to be found.

Scientists and park rangers set out on one of the most exciting expeditions on Fernandina island to locate a specimen from the Chelonoidis Phantomticus specie. The IUCN Red List of threatened species classifies this Fernandina-specific species as Critically Endangered. The team, despite the obstacles and challenging conditions, showed unwavering resolve and passion in searching for a male to match the female discovered in 2019. The team has not yet found another specimen, but the data and observations they collected will be valuable for future conservation efforts in Fernandina.

The team’s first expedition in 2023 was to Espanola Island. They monitored vegetation plots, to better understand the impact giant tortoises have on plant communities, and conducted a comprehensive albatross count along the southern coast. This census was designed to collect updated data on the demographics of these birds and their population size, as well as explore how vegetation affects their presence in the interior and along the coast. Carrion stressed the importance in conserving these species. He said, “Through Iniciativa Galapagos we will continue with future expeditions and conservation project to protect our invaluable natural heritage and promote global awareness about the importance of preserving our fragile ecosystems.”

Repatriation of 86 juvenile Chelonoidis hoodensis tortoises to Española Island
to increase population size and expand their distribution on the island. ©Diego Bermeo / GNPD

Shark Awareness Day: Protecting Our Oceans’ Guardians

Sharks are the masters of our oceans. They harbor an incredible biodiversity and a web of interdependent marine life. Shark Awareness Day was created on July 14, a day to raise awareness about the importance of sharks in our oceans, and to fight for their protection.

Dr. Jorge Carrion is our Director of Conservation and he stressed the importance of conservation of sharks in maintaining the natural regulation of the oceans. He explained that sharks play an important role in controlling the fish population and other marine species. Their existence helps preserve ocean health because they balance food chains. However, this magnificent creature faces several challenges including habitat loss, indiscriminate fisheries for the Asian fin trade and global threats like climate change. To protect the health of our oceans, we need to take strong measures for shark protection.

Galapagos Conservancy supports studies in order to better understand shark behaviour, migration patterns, habitat use, and feeding and reproduction on the Galapagos Islands. This information will help us to develop effective conservation policies, and we can work closely with the Galapagos National Park Directorate in order to protect these amazing marine predators. We work together to promote peaceful coexistence and protect the habitat of sharks and humans, and ensure a healthy future.

The Galapagos Marine Reserve is home to at least 35 shark species, some of which have been endemic or are frequent visitors. The Galapagos Shark, the majestic Tiger Shark, the elegant Blacktip, the mesmerizing Whitetip, and the massive Whale are just a few of the species. The Galapagos waters are home to a wide variety of sharks, proving the importance and need to protect this ecosystem.

Sharks are important to the Galapagos Archipelago’s marine ecosystem, and local economy. Shark sightings are a major factor in marine tourism, which is a significant contributor to the economy of the Galapagos Archipelago. The world’s visitors come from all over to see and swim with these majestic aquatic creatures in the natural habitat. They provide residents with income and jobs, and enhance the visitor experience.

The Blacktip Reef Shark, also known as the Blacktip Reef Shark or Blacktip Reef Shark, is a coastal species found in shallow waters on coral reefs and at their edges. It can be seen from the surface down to depths up to 246 feet.

The Blacktip Reef Shark is a coastal species that is common in shallow water on and near coral reefs, where it occurs from the surface to depths of at least 246 feet. ©Greg Asner

Shark Awareness Day is a day when Galapagos Conservancy hopes that it will encourage positive change through raising awareness of the importance and value of sharks. We work closely with the GNPD, local communities and environmental education to promote coexistence between humans and sharks. We also work to create policies and regulations which will support and safeguard the long-term survival of these giant predators, a group of cartilaginous sharks.

Galapagos Conservancy, as part of its commitment to marine conservation works to protect Galapagos sharks and their habitats. This includes supporting studies and researching to maintain the GMR’s health and beauty. Galapagos Sharks’ history is one of hope and resilience, demonstrating that we can all make a positive difference by working together to preserve our marine life. Shark Awareness Day is a day to remember that we are all intrinsically linked to the oceans and marine life. Protecting sharks will ensure their survival, and keep our marine ecosystems in balance.

Scalloped Hammerheads face global threats as target and bycatch in fishing gear. ©Paul Schmieder

Galapagos National Park Celebrates its 64-Year Legacy of Conservation

We would like to express our gratitude and recognition to the Galapagos National Park Directorate, and to all of the dedicated officials that have worked tirelessly for the conservation and biodiversity of Galapagos.

We at Galapagos Conservation value the work done by the National Geographic Protected Areas Division in its role as the environmental authority that is responsible for managing and administering protected areas on this archipelago. It is vital to work closely with the GNPD in order to ensure the conservation of this natural treasure and the provision of ecosystem services which underpins the well-being for the local population.

The GNPD has been our most valuable partner in this conservation mission. Their tireless efforts and dedication have been crucial in protecting the Galapagos eco-systems’ ability to provide services. Together, we’ve made significant progress in the conservation and protection of this natural treasure that we cherish so much.”

The Galapagos National Park was established on July 4, 1959. This marked a significant milestone in the history of the island archipelago. Numerous national and international awards have since been given to recognize the value of Galapagos for Ecuador and other countries.

The Galápagos Archipelago consist of 7 main islands, 12 different islands, 64 islets, and 136 rocks, all of volcanic origin ©Jorge Carrión / Galápagos Conservancy

Galapagos National Park is not the first conservation initiative on these islands. The Ecuadorian Government decreed in 1934 and 1936 the protection of important species and areas within the archipelago. The official boundaries of the National Park were set in 1959. 97% was designated as parkland and the remaining 3% for human settlements.

The Galapagos National Park is a major source of income for Ecuador and the province. Conservation policies implemented by the GNPDE and established by the Ministry of Environment have enabled the maintenance of biodiversity and ecosystems. Ecotourism is now the main source of income and tourism in the archipelago. Galapagos is a shining example of how protected natural areas and conservation can bring significant economic benefits to local communities, improve their quality of life and contribute to sustainable development.

Galapagos Conservation will continue to support GNPD with their efforts to restore and conserve this irreplaceable wonder of nature. Tapia emphasized that “the collaboration between Galapagos Conservancy and the GNPD was essential to guarantee the conservation and sustainability” of this natural wonder.

Note: We would like to express our sincere gratitude to our Galapagos Conservancy supporters and readers for their unwavering support in our conservation mission. We can make a difference, and ensure a sustainable future for the wonderful jewel in nature. Let’s continue to move forward!

The pink iguana (Conolophus marthae), unique in the world, inhabits the area around Wolf Volcano on Isabela Island and is one of the iconic species of Galápagos National Park ©Xavier Castro / Galápagos Conservancy

The Galapagos Hawk – A Symbol of Survival and Strength in the Enchanted Islands

Imagine yourself walking on a white-sanded beach with crystal clear waters lapping your feet, and a gentle wind caressing you. A pair of majestic raptors, with their sleek, dark feathers, glide overhead, silently guarding the land. The Galapagos Hawk, Buteo galapagoensis, is a winged hunter that can be seen in the natural paradise of the Enchanted Island soaring through the sky as a symbol for conservation. The Galapagos Hawk is king of this archipelago with its piercing stare and wingspan of 3.2 feet. But, as many other species of these islands, its future is uncertain.

Habitat and Description

Once common on most of the main islands in the archipelago, the Galapagos Hawk’s population has declined dramatically, leading to the extinction of this species on San Cristobal Island and Floreana. The majestic hawk can still be found on the islands of Santa Cruz, Fernandina and Santa Fe. It also flies over Isabela, Santa Cruz Islands, Pinta Islands, Marchena Islands, Pinzon Islands, and Santiago Islands. Isabela is the largest of these islands and offers the hawk relative tranquility and solitude.

Predation and Diet

The Galapagos Hawk prefers coastal areas and highlands with dry climates. Its diet is primarily made up of small seabirds, rodents, and lizards. The Galapagos Hawk is also the only natural predator of marine Iguanas. The majestic hawk soars over iguana colony, making the curious creatures stampede with fear. It’s a fascinating dance between predator and prey.

Conservation Status

While the Galapagos Hawk population is considered stable at approximately 150 breeding pairs, it faces threats that may compromise its survival. The main threats to these apex prey are the human impact on habitats, and competition from introduced species for food. The International Union for Conservation of Nature’s (IUCN) Red List classifies these birds as “Vulnerable”. To protect these iconic birds and their habitats, it is vital to act decisively.

Exploring the Diverse Habitats of the Galápagos Hawk: From Shoreline to Mountain Peaks © Franca Borio

Conservation Measures

We need to implement conservation measures that are essential for the Galapagos Hawk, and the ecosystem dynamics of this paradise. This includes conducting updated estimates of hawk population in Galapagos, analyzing their dynamics and structure to detect any signs of decline. In addition, it is important to assess the impact of threats on Galapagos Hawks, and also study the loss in genetic diversity.

Conservation for Future Generations

The Galapagos Hawk is a symbol for strength and survival on the Enchanted Islands. Its beauty and resilience captivates observers. It is our responsibility as guardians to protect these magnificent birds and to work together to conserve Galapagos’ natural heritage. We can preserve these endemic species and their habitats for future generations by taking action to protect them. For the survival of this ecosystem and its people, we must work together to promote the harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature.

Discovering Galapagos Cacti & Their Resilient Beauty

Cacti are silent witnesses of life’s most resilient forms in the remote and magical Galapagos Archipelago. They rise majestically from volcanic rocks and arid land. They have adapted and survived over the years, despite the challenging terrains and lava-fields of the Galapagos Islands. This story explores the world of Galapagos Cacti. We uncover a fascinating narrative of survival, and an incredible diversity of species. This region is home to a wide variety of endemic species that are unique to the area. Their beauty and adaptability can be marveled at.

Opuntia Cactus, also known as the Galapagos Tuna is one of the most iconic species in Galapagos. The Galapagos Tuna is also called this cactus. The flat, green cladodes and the juicy fruits of this fish are adaptations that help it survive in the arid climates on the different islands. Galapagos endemic species, which vary from island-to-island, are vital to the ecosystem. They provide food and shelter to various bird species, land iguanas and giant tortoises.

Galapagos is home to a number of endemic species, including the lava cacti. These small plants, with their clumps and cylindrical stems, are found on the youngest islands of the archipelago. They have developed adaptations that allow them to thrive and survive in volcanic landscapes. Lava cacti were one of the first plants to colonize recent lava flows, opening the door for other plant species.

The Galapagos Cactus is also an endemic species that stands out in the Enchanted Islands. The cactus’ distinctive candelabra shape helps it survive in rocky and arid environments because its stems store water. It is an important resource for many bird species such as Darwin’s Finches and Galapagos Doves, who find shelter and food within it.

The Opuntia Cactus is found across various islands of the Galápagos and has evolved unique adaptations to thrive within its ecosystem. ©Lawrence Conaway

Galapagos’ natural ecology cannot be maintained without the conservation of its endemic cactus. These plants are unique and play a vital role in ecosystems, providing food and support for a variety of organisms. They are able to adapt to the harsh conditions of islands, and their ability to store moisture in their tissues over months allows them to be pioneer umbrella species to colonize lava fields. The intricate eco-webs of the archipelago are maintained by conserving the endemic species of cactus.

We are fascinated by the adaptability of Galapagos Cacti and their exquisite beauty. The presence of these cacti on the different islands reminds us of the need to protect the Galapagos biodiversity. All of these succulents are able to survive extreme conditions. They teach us valuable lessons about resilience and interconnectedness of life. We must protect this natural heritage and ensure that these species flourish in their habitats to the benefit of future generations.

The Lava Cactus (Brachycereus nesioticus) is the only species in this genus, which is restricted to the Galápagos and It is one of the first species to colonize fresh lava flows. ©Sandra Hotrum

Youth Leadership and Conservation Inspired by Experiential Learning

Environmental conservation and experiential learning have become increasingly important in the Galapagos Islands. A growing number of islanders recognize that education is a key tool in raising environmental awareness. Sebastian Pilla is a Galapagos native and a shining example. He embarked in 2023, in his last year of university, on an inspirational initiative with the financial backing of Galapagos Conservancy.

Sebastian developed his educational program “Experiential processes for Adolescents & Youth in Galapagos Community” based on two educational initiatives to promote the care of Galapagos Islands.

The first initiative aimed to encourage community leadership in young people by encouraging them to analyze community issues and find solutions that align with United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. The second initiative aimed to use photography as a tool for conservation through workshops, photographic excursions, and educational activities, in collaboration with local scientists and park rangers.

This project offered experiential learning in protected areas in order to promote an appreciation of the natural environment, and to remind the community about the privilege it is to live in the Galapagos Islands. The Galapagos National Park Directorate and other allies provided strategic support to the project.

Activities included workshops that focused on SDGs. They also included talks with local stakeholders and visits to agroecological farming operations. The program’s activities included experiential workshops focused on the SDGs, talks with local stakeholders, visits to agroecological farms, monitoring of emblematic species, and ecosystem restoration.

Dr. Jorge Carrion is our Director of Conservation and he commends Sebastian on his leadership in this project, which has motivated the Galapagos Youth to be more engaged with their environment. Jorge Carrion believes that young people such as Sebastian are essential allies for conservation. He is confident that Sebastian’s project can significantly foster community interest in caring for and improving the Galapagos Islands.

Over 60 youth received hands-on education and learned in an enjoyable manner how to protect their home, the Galápagos Islands © Sebastián Pilla / Galápagos Conservancy